 |
|
Body Composition Diminishing hormones and poor lifestyle choices alter body composition. Studies also reveal body composition changes in the aging process are multifactorial, related to concomitant changes such as hormone production, protein turnover and disuse atrophy. Research shows hormone modulation therapy in conjunction with positive lifestyle factors can ameliorate negative body composition issues—from improved bone density to lean muscle mass and lower body fat percentile. Review current research and medical articles on body composition, discovering the relationship between bioavailable serum testosterone and estradiol and muscle strength, bone density and overall body composition.
The results of this study suggest that a moderate
consumption of olive oil may be used as an effective
tool to reduce SBP of healthy men who do not
typically consume a Mediterranean diet. However,
additional longer trials are necessary for
confirmation. Aging, Adiposity, and Calorie Restriction.pdf
This study concluded that calorie restriction in
adult men and women causes beneficial metabolic,
hormonal, and functional changes, but the precise
amount of calorie intake or body fat mass associated
with optimal health and maximum longevity in humans
is not known. In addition, it is possible that even
moderate calorie restriction may be harmful in
specific patient populations, such as lean persons
who have minimal amounts of body fat.
The objective of this study was to assess the
relations between dietary patterns during adult life
(at ages 36, 43, and 53 y) and risk factors for
chronic disease at age 53 y. Participants of a
longitudinal study of health completed a 5-d food
diary at 3 occasions during adult life (n = 1265).
Factor analysis was used to identify dietary
patterns and a pattern score was calculated from the
consumption of the food items in each dietary
pattern.
In the present study, the authors performed a
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
to examine the changes in body composition and
clinical laboratory values following CLA (50:50
ratio of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12
isomers) supplementation for 12 wk in otherwise
healthy obese humans. It concluded that whereas CLA
may increase lean body mass in obese humans, it may
also increase markers of inflammation in the short
term.
This study concluded that excessively high IGF-I
levels can be avoided by individualized dosing
during long-term GH treatment. Individualized dosing
maintains the decrease in abdominal fat in adult
Japanese GHD patients and should reduce the
cardiovascular risk. The Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy in HIV-Infection.pdf
The results of these studies suggested that the
growth hormone might play a role in the management
of visceral fat accumulation associated with HIV.
Analysis of the treatment effect sizes in the
published studies show that the effects of various
doses of rhGH on trunk fat fit a dose-response
characteristic.
This study concluded that low muscle mass did not
explain the strong association of strength with
mortality, demonstrating that muscle strength as a
marker of muscle quality is more important than
quantity in estimating mortality risk. Grip strength
provided risk estimates similar to those of
quadriceps strength.
This study evaluated the accuracy with which the
Hologic QDR-4500A and QDR-2000 densitometers measure
fat mass (FM) in 95 children. FM was derived from
total body water measured by deuterium dilution (DD)
in all children, by QDR-4500A in 50, and by QDR-2000
in 45 children. It concluded that neither
densitometer is equivalent to DD for estimation of
children's FM. The QDR-4500A's current calibration
seems to provide an even greater underestimate of FM
than the QDR-2000. Fountain of Youth Overflows with Hormones.pdf
According to this article, as baby boomers age, the
fight against aging is being combated by increased
exercise, better eating habits and the use of
testosterone and other hormone replenishments.
This study concluded that independent of changes in
energy balance (intake and/or output), physical
inactivity decreased the oxidation of saturated but
not monounsaturated dietary fat. The effect is
apparently not compensated by resistance exercise
training. These results suggest that Mediterranean
diets should be recommended in sedentary subjects
and recumbent patients.
This study concluded that activity levels in the
Yakut were lower than those in other subsistence
groups, especially the women, and were not
significantly different from those in persons in
industrialized nations. Persons who participated in
more subsistence activities and consumed fewer
market foods had significantly higher activity
levels. This study
demonstrated that aging men with obesity and the
metabolic syndrome have a significant decrease in
total serum testosterone levels compared to aging,
metabolically healthy men. These data suggest that
the well established association between erectile
dysfunction and pre-diabetes/diabetes (particularly
in obese pre-diabetic/diabetic patients) may involve
a hormonal component. What’s in a Name? Reflections on the (Suddenly) Controversial ‘Metabolic Syndrome’.pdf According to this
article, for many of us, it’s easier to think about
multiple problems as having one root cause, or at
least a common underlying complex pathophysiology.
Hypertension, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and central
obesity occur in the same patients more often than
by chance alone.
This study
concluded that an atherogenic lipid profile, insulin
resistance, obesity, and increased body and trunk
fat in GHD adults may cause the higher risk of
cardiovascular disease in these patients. GHD adults
should receive human recombinant GH along with
conventional replacement therapy. This may be a
useful method in protecting against early onset of
atherosclerosis, metabolic disturbances, and
osteoporosis, especially in young patients. High Carb, Low Glycemic Index Diet Best to Reduce CV Risk.pdf Diets high in
carbohydrates (CHOs) with low glycemic index (GI)
are best for cardiovascular risk reduction,
according to the results of a randomized controlled
study reported in the July 24 issue of the Archives
of Internal Medicine. Serum Leptin Concentrations in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women on Sex Hormone Therapy.pdf According to this
study, Endogenous E(2) and androgens in
premenopausal women and estrogen and
estrogen-progestin therapies in postmenopausal
subjects do not influence serum leptin
concentrations. Leptin level is related to body mass
and BMI, but not to sex hormone status. The
distribution of adipose tissue and the type of
obesity (android or gynoid) have no influence on
serum leptin concentration. The correlation between
serum leptin level and blood pressure requires
further investigation. Prevalence of Hypogonadism in Males Aged at Least 45 Years: The HIM study.pdf According to this
study, based on TT concentration, the prevalence of
hypogonadism in men reporting to primary care
offices was estimated to be 38.7%. The medical
conditions that occurred significantly more
frequently among hypogonadal men than eugonadal men
included increased BMI, hypertension,
hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, and asthma or COPD. As
men age, they are susceptible to conditions that
share many of the same symptoms similar to
hypogonadism. The presence of these conditions may,
in effect, mask underlying hypogonadism and
negatively impact quality of life. DHEA in Elderly Women and DHEA or Testosterone in Elderly Men.pdf This study
concluded that neither DHEA nor low-dose
testosterone replacement in elderly people has
physiologically relevant beneficial effects on body
composition, physical performance, insulin
sensitivity, or quality of life. Low Serum Testosterone and Mortality in Male Veterans.pdf This study used a
clinical database to identify men older than 40
years with repeated testosterone levels obtained
from October 1, 1994 to December 31, 1999, and
without diagnosed prostate cancer. It concluded
that low testosterone levels were associated with
increased mortality in male veterans. Further
prospective studies are needed to examine the
association between low testosterone levels and
mortality. The Role of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Reducing Body Fat and Preventing Holiday Weight Gain.pdf This study
concluded that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
supplementation among overweight adults
significantly reduced body fat over 6 months and
prevented weight gain during the holiday season.
Although no adverse effects were seen, additional
studies should evaluate the effect of prolonged use
of CLA. Is Leg-to-Leg BIA Valid for Predicting Minimum Weight in Wrestlers?.pdf
In this study, large individual variation was seen,
and, by definition, the precision was poor when
estimating MW for individuals. In practical terms,
the prediction error may span multiple weight
classes, thus making leg-to-leg BIA unacceptable for
prediction of MW in this sample under the conditions
of the study. Reference Body Composition in Adult Rhesus Monkeys: Glucoregulatory and Anthropometric Indices.pdf
Rhesus monkeys have been used as models to study
obesity and disease. The aim of this study was to
define body mass indices for underweight and obesity
in rhesus monkeys. Longitudinal data collected over
8-14 years from 40 male and 26 female rhesus monkeys
were analyzed.
This study concluded that it is recommended that the
lean soft tissue mass estimate with the fan-beam QDR
4500A be reduced by 5% and that for fat mass be
increased by that same mass. This finding is
particularly important because the National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey is using the QDR
4500A to assess body composition in a nationally
representative sample of persons in the United
States. Management of Andropause: The Male Menopause.pdf
According to this article, andropause is a syndrome
of physical, sexual, and psychological symptoms in
aging men due to a gradual decline in serum
testosterone levels. Its symptoms are more prominent
in the presence of concomitant medical disorders.
Testosterone replacement therapy relieves these
symptoms along with improvement in bone and muscle
mass, sexual function, and quality of life. According to this
article, obesity surgery, which is fast becoming a
popular way to battle the nation’s weight crisis,
may be a lot riskier than most patients realize. New
research found a higher-than-expected risk of death
in the year after surgery, even among young
patients. In this randomized
controlled trial, it was concluded that for patients
with stable Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), exercise
and stress management training reduced emotional
distress and improved markers of cardiovascular risk
more than usual medical care alone. Experts Consider HT for Younger Women.pdf Questions still
persist after the release of the July 2002 Women’s
Health Initiative findings regarding hormone
therapy. Researchers have been looking at the data
to see if certain changes in dosage or initiation
age could still provide benefits to women.
This study was
undertaken to determine the physiological range of
these GH-dependent variables in elite athletes after
a competitive event to determine whether such values
differ from resting values in normal and athletic
subjects and to establish whether any adjustments to
this range are required on the basis of age, gender,
demographic characteristics, or the nature of the
exercise performed. This study
concluded that the synthesis of CRP is not affected
by a history of ICP. It is readily and dose
dependently stimulated by oral but not by
transdermal E2 in as soon as 2 wk. The findings of
this study validate the importance for a role
of obesity in prostate cancer
progression and suggest a link
to the biological basis of prostate
cancer progression that can
be therapeutically exploited. This study
concluded that a 3-month regimen of GHRH
supplementation in postmenopausal women can
stimulate GH and IGF-I production, reduce abdominal
visceral fat and improve selected measures of
physical performance, while inducing significant
local skin reactivity. Obesity in Middle Age and Future Risk of Dementia: A 27 Year Longitudinal Population Based Study.pdf The objective of
this study was to evaluate any association between
obesity in middle age, measured by body mass index
and skinfold thickness, and risk of dementia later
in life. It concluded that obesity in middle age
increases the risk of future dementia independently
of comorbid conditions. Study Links Fat Distribution and Not Body Weight as an Indicator of Cardiovascular Disease Risk.pdf GE Healthcare, a
unit of General Electric Company (NYSE: GE),
announced that the company’s Lunar Prodigy bone
density system was used in a groundbreaking study to
evaluate body composition and fat distribution in
the body as an important indicator of risk of
cardiovascular disease. The study was presented at
the 27th Annual Meeting of
the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
meeting in Nashville, TN, September 23-27.
Adrian Dobs, MD,
professor of endocrinology at the Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine, spoke about low
testosterone at the 87th
Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society. Dobs said
data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
demonstrated that as many as 50% of men between the
ages of 70 and 79 may have hypogonadism. Hormone Replacement, the Male Version.pdf
According to this article, a growing number of men
in the United States are now taking testosterone to
reverse the gradual, age-related decline of the
hormone, or so-called andropause. By some estimates,
the number of testosterone prescriptions in the
United States has tripled in recent years, and total
sales now come to about $400 million a year. That’s
not much compared with the $12.5 billion spent on
cholesterol-lowering statins, but the upward trend
is still impressive. Minimum Weight Prediction Methods Cross-Validated by the Four-Component Model.pdf
This study cross-validated the body composition
methods of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA),
leg-to-leg bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA),
hydrostatic weighing (HW), and skinfolds (SF) for
predicting MW using a four-component criterion (4C).
It concluded that comparable means, high
correlations, regression lines that did not
significantly deviate from the line of identity, and
no systematic bias were found. However, the methods
differed widely in precision. The best precision,
based on SEE and PE values, were seen in the HW and
SF methods. In conclusion, this rigorous
four-component cross-validation study supports the
NCAA methods as the most accurate and precise MW
prediction methods in this sample.
Effects of Conjugated Equine Estrogen in
Postmenopausal Women with Hysterectomy: The Women's
Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial.pdf Safety and Adverse Effects of Androgens: How to Counsel Patients.pdf In short-term
clinical trials of androgen replacement in women,
several benefits have been shown, including improved
libido, bone mineral density and body composition.
While androgen therapy for women is relatively new,
it is receiving more attention. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 as a Vascular Protective Factor.pdf According to this
study, until recently, IGF-1 was considered a
mediator of vascular disease. Increasing evidence
indicates, instead, that IGF-1 protects against
endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic plaque
development, the metabolic syndrome, clinical
instability, and ischemic myocardial damage. A third of men
with type 2 diabetes have low testosterone levels, a
new study suggests. Testosterone helps men reduce
body fat and improves the way their bodies handle
insulin. So low testosterone levels may have serious
consequences for men with diabetes, suggests Sandeep
Dhindsa, MD, of State University of New York at
Buffalo. The Women’s Health Initiative 2004 – Review and Critique.pdf This article
reviews the published results from the Women’s
Health Initiative (WHI) and their various
interpretations. The WHI was designed to define the
risks and benefits of interventions, notably hormone
therapy, to potentially prevent heart disease,
breast and colorectal cancer, and osteoporotic
fractures in postmenopausal women.
Efficacy and Tolerability of an Individualized
Dosing Regimen for Adult Growth Hormone Replacement
Therapy in Comparison with Fixed Body Weight-Based
Dosing.pdf Review by
Amazon.com of Suzanne Somers’ book The Sexy
Years: Discover the Hormone Connection: The Secret
to Fabulous Sex, Great Health, and Vitality, for
Women and Men.
Adults with Partial Growth Hormone Deficiency Have an Adverse Body Composition.pdf In summary, this
study has shown that adults with Growth Hormone
Insufficiency (GHI) have abnormalities of body
composition characteristic of Growth Hormone
Deficiency (GHD). The degree of abnormality of body
composition lies between that of healthy subjects
and GHD adults and correlates with the IGF-I level.
Any future trials of GH replacement in patients with
GHI must await further studies to establish the
exact impact of this relative deficiency on the
broad spectrum of biological end points influenced
by GH status.
Low Androgenization Index in Elderly Women and Elderly Men with Alzheimer's Disease.pdf The authors of
this study investigated whether testosterone levels
and testosterone availability differ between older
lean subjects with and without Alzheimer's disease
(AD). Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and
estradiol levels were higher, whereas the free
androgenization index (FAI) was lower, in lean
subjects with AD than in lean subjects without AD.
Factors involved in the increase of SHBG secretion
could have an important role in the lower
testosterone availability of subjects with AD. Diet Composition and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Epidemiological and Clinical Evidence.pdf This article
concludes that new emphasis on prevention by
multiple lifestyle modifications, including moderate
changes in the composition of the habitual diet,
might limit the dramatic increase in incidence of
type 2 diabetes envisaged worldwide. Risks of Testosterone-Replacement Therapy and Recommendations for Monitoring.pdf According to this
study, hypogonadism affects an estimated 2 million
to 4 million men in the
United States; its prevalence increases with age.
However, it has been estimated that only 5 percent
of affected men currently
receive treatment. Recent interest in
testosterone therapy has been fueled
not only by increased medical
awareness of the effects of hypogonadism, but
also by media attention
regarding hormone-replacement therapy in both men
and women, the marketing of new topical
testosterone formulations,
and the desire of "baby boomers" to maintain vigor
and health into their more
mature years.
Long-Term Improvement of Quality of Life During
Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Therapy in Adults
with GH Deficiency, as Measured by Questions on Life
Satisfaction-Hypopituitarism (QLS-H).pdf This article
concludes that administration of a low-dose
testosterone to men with COPD for 26 weeks was
associated with improvement of body composition,
better erectile function and sexual quality of life.
Furthermore, there were no clinical or biochemical
side effects.
Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy Appears Safe in
Long Term.pdf This study
concluded that DHEA replacement could play a role in
prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome
associated with abdominal obesity. The subject of
this study was Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). It
was examined to determine its effects on the
proliferation of cultured endothelial cells, compare
its effects with those of estradiol and
testosterone, and examine its effects on subcellular
messengers.
According to this
article, testosterone infusion increases coronary
blood flow. Similarly, testosterone replacement
retards atherogenesis in experimental models of
atherosclerosis. However, the long-term risks and
benefits of testosterone administration in human
immunodeficiency virus-infected men with fat
redistribution syndrome have not been studied in
randomized clinical trials. Growth Hormone Therapy in Adults.pdf According to this
review, Growth hormone (GH) is classically linked
with linear growth in childhood but continues to
have important metabolic actions throughout life. GH
deficiency in adulthood causes a distinct syndrome
with significant morbidities. These include
increased total and visceral fat, decreased muscle
mass and aerobic capacity, affective disturbances,
abnormal lipids, and increased vascular mortality,
all of which are ameliorated with GH replacement.
The Effect of Cessation of Growth Hormone (GH)
Therapy on Bone Mineral Accretion in GH-Deficient
Adolescents at the Completion of Linear Growth.pdf Testosterone and Atherosclerosis.pdf This article
concludes that the overall effect of administration
of testosterone on cardiovascular-disease risk is
difficult to assess because androgens have such an
extraordinary array of effects in vivo.
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for Growth
Hormone Use in Adults and Children -- 2003
Update.pdf Effects of Growth Hormone Secretion on Body Composition in Patients with Crohn’s Disease.pdf This study states
that although serum GH levels were similar in the
two groups, GH contributed significantly to the
abdominal fat measurements. These data show that GH
has an important role in modulating visceral fat
distribution in patients with Crohn's disease. Serum Free Testosterone in Men with Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis.pdf The aim of this
study was to determine whether levels of serum free
testosterone differ between men with and without
coronary artery disease. It concluded that a low
level of free testosterone may be related to the
development of coronary artery disease. This study
concluded that GH replacement therapy in adults with
adult-onset GHD normalized isometric and isokinetic
knee flexor and extensor strength. Hand grip
strength increased but was not fully normalized. Can Growth Hormone Prevent Aging?.pdf
This article cites the article
by Rudman et al. that appeared in the Journal in
1990 that reported the effect on body composition of
administering human growth hormone for six months to
12 older men. This article incited a proliferation
of "antiaging" clinics and lay publications, such as
"Grow Young with HGH," extolling the benefits of
growth hormone in reversing or preventing aging. This study
concluded that in elderly patients undergoing total
hip replacement, preoperative GH treatment results
in improvements in lean body mass and skeletal
muscle mass that are sufficient to offset
postoperative losses. The treatment may also
preserve or improve muscle strength and
postoperative walking ability. This study
examined the effects of GH and/or testosterone (T)
administration on body composition, performance,
mood, sexual function, bone turnover, and
muscle-gene expression in healthy older men. It
concluded that 1 month of GH and/or T administration
improves certain measures of balance and physical
performance in older men and increases muscle IGF-I
gene expression. Observational data
confirm some important aspects
of diagnosis of the adult GHD syndrome and
of efficacy and safety of
GH replacement. Specifically, GH replacement
therapy of GHD patients in
HypoCCS induced significant long-term efficacy in
terms of body composition and lipid
profiles. This study showed
that in multiple regression analysis only
testosterone level was independently associated with
anti-oxLDL Ab. These data suggest a that fall of
testosterone concentration in ageing men can
influence either oxidative modification of LDL or
the immune response to these lipoproteins which may
be important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
The conclusion of this study was that this
genetically homogeneous isolated GHD population
presents a syndrome characterized by central
obesity, dyslipidemia, and elevated SBP but reduced
cardiac dimensions compared with controls. This study
concludes that recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH)
has a beneficial effect on metabolism in patients
who are severely burned. Hyperglycemia, however, is
apt to occur and water, Na(+), Cl(-) retention are
suggested. Fifty patients were studied. This study
concluded that 12 months of GH replacement
normalized IGF-I and improved lipid profile and
cardiac performance in adult GHD patients. A similar
period of GH deprivation induced a further
impairment of lipid profile and cardiac performance.
This finding strongly supports the need of GH
replacement in adult GHD patients.
Hormone Replacement Therapy, Insulin Sensitivity, and Abdominal Obesity in Postmenopausal Women.pdf
The authors concluded that postmenopausal women
taking oral estrogen or those taking a combination
of estrogen and HRT are more insulin-resistant than
women not on HRT, even when women are of comparable
total and abdominal adiposity. In conclusion,
this study found that rhGH effectively reduces the
excess visceral adipose tissue often associated with
HIV fat redistribution/lipodystrophy. However,
frequent adverse effects warrant controlled studies
and careful patient monitoring, especially regarding
glucose tolerance.
Growth Hormone Therapy for Adults: Not Ready for Prime Time?.pdf
This article states that long-term studies in
patients receiving appropriate comprehensive
management for other hormonal deficiencies and for
concomitant abnormalities will be required to
convince physicians of the utility and safety of
growth hormone replacement therapy.
Changes in Body Composition During Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer.pdf The aim of this
study was to determine the effects of initial
treatment with a GnRH agonist on body composition in
asymptomatic men with nonmetastatic prostate
cancer. Exercise Type and Intensity in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease in Men.pdf This study
concluded that total physical activity, running,
weight training, and walking were each associated
with reduced CHD risk. Average exercise intensity
was associated with reduced risk independent of the
number of MET-hours spent in physical activity. This study
discusses how low-dose GHR improves body composition
and QoL as early as 1 month after commencement and
the beneficial effects continue at 3 months. Most
importantly, these changes occur in the absence of
side-effects. Association of IGF-I Levels with Muscle Strength and Mobility in Older Women.pdf This article
summarizes that in a study population including
frail and healthy older women, low IGF-I levels were
associated with poor knee extensor muscle strength,
slow walking speed, and self-reported difficulty
with mobility tasks. These findings suggest a role
for IGF-I in disability as well as a potential
target population for interventions to raise IGF-I
levels. This study
concluded that low-dose GH treatment combined with
dietary restriction resulted not only in a decrease
of visceral fat but also in an increase of muscle
mass with a consequent improvement of the insulin
resistance observed in obese type 2 diabetic
patients. Personal Business; Trying to Roll Back the Biological Clock, for a Price.pdf This article,
written soon after September 11th,
says that Americans have been re-evaluating their
priorities since the attacks, and for some people
that means paying closer attention to their health.
There has even been a rise in interest in so-called
anti-aging clinics. It discusses several clinics,
including Cenegenics. This study
concluded that T gel replacement improved sexual
function and mood, increased lean mass and muscle
strength (principally in the legs), and decreased
fat mass in hypogonadal men with less skin
irritation and discontinuation compared with the
recommended dose of the permeation-enhanced T patch. This article
states that recent availability of recombinant human
growth hormone (GH) has led to intense investigation
of the consequences of adult GH deficiency (GHD) and
the effects of GH replacement. These studies have
led to the identification of a characteristic
syndrome of GHD consisting of decreased mood and
well-being, with alterations in body composition and
substrate metabolism.
Effects of 7 Years of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Hypopituitary Adults.pdf This study
concludes that prolonged GH substitution in
middle-aged hypopituitary adults causes a sustained
improvement in body composition. Other benefits,
e.g. on lipid levels and exercise tolerance, were
not apparent at 7 yr when comparisons were made with
GH-untreated hypopituitary controls. Potentially
adverse effects on glucose tolerance and insulinemia
did not develop with prolonged GH therapy. Testosterone Therapy in Men: An Update.pdf This article
discusses that because testosterone levels decline
with age, and aging is accompanied by body changes
including loss of muscle and increases in fat, there
is great interest in the potential benefits of
testosterone administration in elderly men. Serum Lipid and Leptin Concentrations in Hypopituitary Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency.pdf The conclusion of
this study was that growth hormone deficient
hypopituitary patients (particularly women) on
conventional replacement therapy have a more
atherogenic lipid profile. Leptin concentrations are
increased in GH deficient adults even after
adjustment for percentage body fat and body fat mass
(kg). According to this
study, the decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin
secretion with aerobic exercise training in
middle-aged and older men appears to be mediated, at
least in part, by reductions in the amount of
abdominal fat. Regular physical exercise may prevent
or ameliorate conditions associated with
hyperinsulinemia including dyslipidemia,
hypertension, and atherosclerosis in this group. This study
concludes that long-term growth hormone replacement
in men reduces levels of inflammatory cardiovascular
risk markers, decreases central fat, and increases
lipoprotein(a) and glucose levels without affecting
lipid levels. In this
cross-sectional study in healthy elderly men, non-SHBG-bound
T seems to be the best parameter for serum levels of
bioactive T, which seems to play a direct role in
the various physiological changes that occur during
aging. A positive relation with muscle strength and
BMD and a negative relation with fat mass was found.
In addition, both serum E1 and E2 seem to play a
role in the age-related bone loss in elderly men,
although the cross-sectional nature of the study
precludes a definitive conclusion. Non-SHBG-bound E2
seems to be the best parameter of serum bioactive E2
in describing its positive relation with BMD. This pilot study
indicates that rhGH administered preoperatively has
beneficial effects on skeletal muscle and
respiratory function and may be more useful than
postoperative rhGH administration alone. Risks Versus Benefits of Testosterone Therapy in Elderly Men.pdf This review
discusses the pros and cons of testosterone
replacement in hypogonadal elderly men and attempts
to answer some of the unanswered questions.
Furthermore, emphasis is made on the regular
follow-up of these patients to prevent the
development of therapy-related complications. Effect of Oral DHEA on Serum Testosterone and Adaptations to Resistance Training in Young Men.pdf
This study examined the effects of acute
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ingestion on serum
steroid hormones and the effect of chronic DHEA
intake on the adaptations to resistance training.
These results suggest that DHEA ingestion does not
enhance serum testosterone concentrations or
adaptations associated with resistance training in
young men. The Effects of 10 Years of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (GH) in Adult GH-Deficient Patients.pdf This study
concluded that GH treatment for 10 yr in GHD adults
resulted in increased lean body and muscle mass, a
less atherogenic lipid profile, reduced carotid
intima media thickness, and improved psychological
well-being. This study found
that the available evidence suggests that concerns
regarding glucose intolerance in patients receiving
long-term GH therapy have not been substantiated.
The beneficial effects on body composition, and on
total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol
levels, persisted over the 4 years of study. |