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Coronary Risk & Heart DiseaseExercise and stress management training have shown to reduce emotional distress and improve markers of cardiovascular risk—more than typical medical care alone. Nutrition also plays a role in secondary prevention for heart disease. Research suggests GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient men reverses early morphological and functional atherosclerotic changes in major arteries. Review current research and medical articles on coronary risk and heart disease to learn the current perspective on epidemiologic data as well as nutritional, exercise and hormonal therapies as prevention methods.
The results of this study suggest
that a moderate consumption of olive
oil may be used as an effective tool
to reduce SBP of healthy men who do
not typically consume a
Mediterranean diet. However,
additional longer trials are
necessary for confirmation. Coffee and Cardiovascular Disease: In Vitro, Cellular, Animal, and Human Studies.pdf
In this review, the authors will
examine coffee and its bioactives
and their connection with and effect
on the risk factors which are
associated with heart disease such
as lipids, blood pressure,
inflammation, endothelial function,
metabolic syndrome and potentially
protective in vivo antioxidant
activity. These will be critically
examined by means of in vitro
studies, cell experiments, animal
supplementation, epidemiology, and
the most definitive evidence, human
trials.
This study concluded that
therapeutic lifestyle changes,
effected through a CR program
comprising regular exercise and the
intake of a combination of dietary
nutrients, reduced a variety of risk
factors in MI patients, which
supports the rationale for
nutritional programs in the
secondary prevention of coronary
heart disease. Lowering Homocysteine with B Vitamins Has No Effect on Blood Pressure in Older Adults.pdf
This study concluded that systolic
and diastolic blood pressures as
well as pulse pressure in the
Vitamins group did not differ from
the Placebo group over the duration
of the trial. The mean differences
in blood pressures, adjusted for
baseline values, did not exceed 1 mm
Hg. Supplemental B-vitamins lowered
plasma homocysteine but had no
effect on blood pressure in older
people with elevated baseline
homocysteine concentrations.
The objective of this study was to
assess the relations between dietary
patterns during adult life (at ages
36, 43, and 53 y) and risk factors
for chronic disease at age 53 y.
Participants of a longitudinal study
of health completed a 5-d food diary
at 3 occasions during adult life (n
= 1265). Factor analysis was used to
identify dietary patterns and a
pattern score was calculated from
the consumption of the food items in
each dietary pattern. Evidence-Based Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women: 2007 Update.pdf
This 2007 update provides the most
current clinical recommendations
for the prevention of CVD in
women
The results of this study indicate
that the hypocholesterolemic action
of PSY and PS can be explained in
part by modifications in the
intravascular processing of
lipoproteins and by increases in LDL
receptor-mediated uptake. Aged Men Experience Disturbances in Recovery Following Submaximal Exercise.pdf
According to this study,
physiological responses to exercise
of moderate intensity and duration
among aged compared to young adults
have yet to be clearly defined.
Further, the effects of aging on the
rate and effectiveness of
postexercise recovery are unknown.
The data suggest that aged men
encounter problems in recovering
from submaximal exercise. The Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy in HIV-Infection.pdf
The results of these studies
suggested that the growth hormone
might play a role in the management
of visceral fat accumulation
associated with HIV. Analysis of the
treatment effect sizes in the
published studies show that the
effects of various doses of rhGH on
trunk fat fit a dose-response
characteristic. High Carb, Low Glycemic Index Diet Best to Reduce CV Risk.pdf
Diets
high in carbohydrates (CHOs) with
low glycemic index (GI) are best for
cardiovascular risk reduction,
according to the results of a
randomized controlled study reported
in the July 24 issue of the Archives
of Internal Medicine.
This
study concluded that an atherogenic
lipid profile, insulin resistance,
obesity, and increased body and
trunk fat in GHD adults may cause
the higher risk of cardiovascular
disease in these patients. GHD
adults should receive human
recombinant GH along with
conventional replacement therapy.
This may be a useful method in
protecting against early onset of
atherosclerosis, metabolic
disturbances, and osteoporosis,
especially in young patients.
This
study demonstrated that the
beneficial effects of isoflavones in
menopausal women could be more
related to platelet function than to
improving classical cardiovascular
risk factors.
In
the males, this study found
beneficial effects of testosterone,
which may explain the reported lower
incidence of atheroma. However, the
testosterone level is also higher
with hypertension. The elevated
levels of systolic blood pressure
and renin activity that were found
in the female group with high
testosterone levels may be an
indication of the role of the
renin-angiotensin system in this
regard. Lowering Dietary Glycemic Load for Weight Control and Cardiovascular Health: A Matter of Quality.pdf
This
study concludes that although
significant differences in
neurohormonal responses to different
types of carbohydrates have long
been recognized, until recently this
knowledge has not been
comprehensively and systematically
applied to the study of diet and CVD
in populations or to the development
of food-composition tables in
guiding dietary practice. Prevalence of Hypogonadism in Males Aged at Least 45 Years: The HIM study.pdf
According to this study, based on TT
concentration, the prevalence of
hypogonadism in men reporting to
primary care offices was estimated
to be 38.7%. The medical conditions
that occurred significantly more
frequently among hypogonadal men
than eugonadal men included
increased BMI, hypertension,
hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, and
asthma or COPD. As men age, they are
susceptible to conditions that share
many of the same symptoms similar to
hypogonadism. The presence of these
conditions may, in effect, mask
underlying hypogonadism and
negatively impact quality of life. GE Healthcare Announces Most Extensive Body Composition Reference Database in China.pdf
GE
Healthcare, a unit of General
Electric Company (NYSE: GE),
announced that the company has
developed the most extensive body
composition reference database to
evaluate total body composition in
Chinese women. The reference
database provides improved
confidence for Chinese physicians in
evaluating clinical conditions such
as obesity, eating disorders,
diseases that cause muscle wasting,
and conditions that may increase the
risk of diabetes and heart disease.
The new reference database was
presented at the 27th
Annual Meeting of the American
Society for Bone and Mineral
Research meeting in Nashville, TN
September 23-27. Study Links Fat Distribution and Not Body Weight as an Indicator of Cardiovascular Disease Risk.pdf
GE
Healthcare, a unit of General
Electric Company (NYSE: GE),
announced that the company’s Lunar
Prodigy bone density system was used
in a groundbreaking study to
evaluate body composition and fat
distribution in the body as an
important indicator of risk of
cardiovascular disease. The study
was presented at the 27th
Annual Meeting of the American
Society for Bone and Mineral
Research meeting in Nashville, TN,
September 23-27.
According to Mary Ann Banerji, MD,
associate professor of medicine and
endocrinology at SUNY Downstate
Medical Center in Brooklyn, N.Y.,
abdominal obesity may be a better
marker of insulin resistance
syndrome than other indicators such
as BMI and weight. Banerji spoke
about obesity and its association
with insulin resistance syndrome at
the 65th
Scientific Sessions of the American
Diabetes Association. Chocolate Does Not Contain Caffeine.pdf
According to this article, there is
a persistent urban legend that
Chocolate contains caffeine. It
would seem that this rumor is based
primarily on a confusion between two
similar alkaloids: Caffeine and
Theobromine. Theobromine is the
active ingredient in Chocolate and
it occurs only in Cacao. The two
stimulants are related and have
similar structures, but are very
different chemicals with different
properties, effects and origins.
There are of course, some Chocolate
products that have added Caffeine,
but it does not occur naturally in
Chocolate.
In
this randomized controlled trial, it
was concluded that for patients with
stable Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD),
exercise and stress management
training reduced emotional distress
and improved markers of
cardiovascular risk more than usual
medical care alone.
This
article discusses how intensive
therapy should begin as early as
possible to reduce the risk of
long-term complications of type 1
diabetes, according to the latest
results from the Diabetes Control
and Complications Trial. The new
Diabetes Control and Complications
Trial (DCCT) results demonstrated
that intensive diabetes treatment
aimed at normalizing long-term
glucose control decreased the risk
of nonfatal myocardial infarctions,
nonfatal strokes and fatal
cardiovascular events. Diabetes Management Remains Suboptimal: Even Academic Centers Neglect Curbing Risk Ractors.pdf
The
potential complications associated
with the treatment of Diabetes
require aggressive management by
medical professionals. This article
discusses concerns about the need
for doctors to do a better job of
addressing their Diabetic patients’
risk factors. Midlife Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Risk of Dementia in Late Life.pdf
The
aim of this study was to evaluate if
midlife cardiovascular risk factors
are associated with risk of
late-life dementia in a large,
diverse cohort. It concluded that
the presence of multiple
cardiovascular risk factors at
midlife substantially increases risk
of late-life dementia in a dose
dependent manner.
According to this study, the use of
CEE increases the risk of stroke,
decreases the risk of hip fracture,
and does not affect CHD incidence in
postmenopausal women with prior
hysterectomy over an average of 6.8
years. A possible reduction in
breast cancer risk requires further
investigation. The burden of
incident disease events was
equivalent in the CEE and placebo
groups, indicating no overall
benefit. Thus, CEE should not be
recommended for chronic disease
prevention in postmenopausal women. Formulations and Use of Androgens in Women.pdf
The
use of androgen therapy for
postmenopausal women is discussed in
this article. It suggests that the
goal of androgen treatment should be
to achieve normal premenopausal
levels of testosterone, thus
limiting adverse effects and adverse
experiences.
The
conclusion of this study was that
cardiac performance is correlated
with the GH status because
significant impairment was found in
patients with severe and partial GHD
but not in non-GHD hypopituitary
patients.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 as a
Vascular Protective Factor.pdf
A
third of men with type 2 diabetes
have low testosterone levels, a new
study suggests. Testosterone helps
men reduce body fat and improves the
way their bodies handle insulin. So
low testosterone levels may have
serious consequences for men with
diabetes, suggests Sandeep Dhindsa,
MD, of State University of New York
at Buffalo. The Women’s Health Initiative 2004 – Review and Critique.pdf
This
article reviews the published
results from the Women’s Health
Initiative (WHI) and their various
interpretations. The WHI was
designed to define the risks and
benefits of interventions, notably
hormone therapy, to potentially
prevent heart disease, breast and
colorectal cancer, and osteoporotic
fractures in postmenopausal women. Potential Anabolic Effects of Androgens on Bone.pdf
With
the decrease of estrogen at
menopause, the need for androgens
increases in post-menopausal women.
Androgens also appear to be
important for the bone health of
women who are pre-menopausal.
Review by
Amazon.com of Suzanne Somers’
book The Sexy Years: Discover the
Hormone Connection: The Secret to
Fabulous Sex, Great Health, and
Vitality, for Women and Men.
Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation.pdf
The
results of this study demonstrated
the potential beneficiary effect of
virgin coconut oil in lowering lipid
levels in serum and tissues and LDL
oxidation by physiological oxidants.
This property of VCO may be
attributed to the biologically
active polyphenol components present
in the oil. Hot Flashes and Androgens: A Biological Rationale for Clinical Practice.pdf
This
article discusses the important role
androgens play in the treatment of
hot flashes. It also emphasizes the
need to individualize treatment for
menopausal women. Low Androgenization Index in Elderly Women and Elderly Men with Alzheimer's Disease.pdf
The
authors of this study investigated
whether testosterone levels and
testosterone availability differ
between older lean subjects with and
without Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
and estradiol levels were higher,
whereas the free androgenization
index (FAI) was lower, in lean
subjects with AD than in lean
subjects without AD. Factors
involved in the increase of SHBG
secretion could have an important
role in the lower testosterone
availability of subjects with AD. Diet Composition and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Epidemiological and Clinical Evidence.pdf
This
article concludes that new emphasis
on prevention by multiple lifestyle
modifications, including moderate
changes in the composition of the
habitual diet, might limit the
dramatic increase in incidence of
type 2 diabetes envisaged worldwide.
This
study provides further support that
carbohydrate and fat metabolism
influence cardiac outcome and
provides new evidence that dietary
modification prior to coronary
artery bypass surgery can shorten
the hospital stay. Risks of Testosterone-Replacement Therapy and Recommendations for Monitoring.pdf
According to this study,
hypogonadism affects an estimated 2
million to 4 million men
in the United States;
its prevalence increases with age.
However, it has been estimated that
only 5 percent of
affected men currently
receive treatment. Recent interest
in
testosterone therapy has been fueled
not only by increased medical
awareness of the
effects of hypogonadism, but also by
media
attention regarding
hormone-replacement therapy in both
men and
women, the marketing of new topical
testosterone formulations,
and the desire of "baby
boomers" to maintain vigor and
health into
their more mature years. Effect of Simvastatin on Serum C-Reactive Protein During Hormone Replacement Therapy.pdf
In
this study it was found that only
HRT significantly increased CRP
compared with placebo, whereas the
combination of HRT with simvastatin
did not. It was concluded that
statins may reduce the inflammatory
adverse effects associated with the
CRP increase induced by HRT.
This
article concludes that
administration of a low-dose
testosterone to men with COPD for 26
weeks was associated with
improvement of body composition,
better erectile function and sexual
quality of life. Furthermore, there
were no clinical or biochemical side
effects. Gender Issues in Heart Disease for Aging Men.pdf
This
article discusses the
gender-specific issues relating to
prevention of heart disease. It
states that although androgens might
influence cardiovascular risks, its
overall effects are uncertain
because many interacting factors
need to be considered. Nuts, Omega-3s and Food Labels.pdf
According to this letter, arguably,
the most successful secondary
prevention trial for
heart disease was the Lyon
Diet Heart Study, in which the only
intervention was a daily dose of
about 2 tablespoons (about
30 mL) of
unhydrogenated canola oil in the
form of a margarine.
Omega-3 fatty acids are
vitally important, and our new food
labels should indeed
help us to make informed choices.
The
subject of this study was
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). It
was examined to determine its
effects on the proliferation of
cultured endothelial cells, compare
its effects with those of estradiol
and testosterone, and examine its
effects on subcellular messengers.
Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Dementia in the Kungsholmen Project: A 6-Year Follow-up Study.pdf
The
authors of this study investigated
the relationship between diabetes
mellitus and risk of dementia,
Alzheimer disease (AD), and vascular
dementia (VaD). They concluded that
diabetes mellitus increases the risk
of dementia, and VaD in particular,
in very old people. The risk for
dementia and VaD is especially high
when diabetes mellitus occurs
together with severe systolic
hypertension or heart disease. Reduced Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Users of Antioxidant Vitamin Supplements.pdf
This
study concludes that use of vitamin
E and vitamin C supplements in
combination is associated with
reduced prevalence and incidence of
AD. Antioxidant supplements merit
further study as agents for the
primary prevention of AD.
According to this article,
testosterone infusion increases
coronary blood flow. Similarly,
testosterone replacement retards
atherogenesis in experimental models
of atherosclerosis. However, the
long-term risks and benefits of
testosterone administration in human
immunodeficiency virus-infected men
with fat redistribution syndrome
have not been studied in randomized
clinical trials.
Growth Hormone Therapy in Adults.pdf
The
aim of this study was to investigate
the effects of HRT on the serum
levels of hormones and cytokines
regulating bone turnover in 88
postmenopausal women with active
rheumatoid arthritis (RA) randomly
allocated to receive HRT plus
calcium and vitamin D3 or calcium
and vitamin D3 alone for 2 years. Testosterone and Atherosclerosis.pdf
This
article concludes that the overall
effect of administration of
testosterone on
cardiovascular-disease risk is
difficult to assess because
androgens have such an extraordinary
array of effects in vivo.
American Association of Clinical
Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines
for Clinical Practice for Growth
Hormone Use in Adults and Children
-- 2003 Update.pdf
According to this study, the low
dose DHEA supplementation improves
vascular endothelial function and
insulin sensitivity and decreases
the plasminogen activator inhibitor
type 1 concentration. These
beneficial changes have the
potential to attenuate the
development of age-related disorders
such as cardiovascular disease. The Study of Phenolic Compounds as Natural Antioxidants in Wine.pdf
The
relationship between antioxidant
activity of phenolic comounds, as
hydrogen donating free radical
scavengers, and their chemical
structures was studied. Furthermore,
the total antioxidant activity of
the wines investigated was well
correlated with phenol content.
Thus, the results confirm that red
wine polyphenols are, in vitro,
significant antioxidants.
In
this article, the authors discuss
some of the mechanisms involved in
atherosclerotic coronary artery
disease and the putative link
between testosterone deficiency and
atheroma formation. They present the
hypothesis that the
immune-modulating properties of
testosterone may be important in
inhibiting atheroma formation and
progression to acute coronary
syndrome.
The
results of this study indicated that
a coconut oil-based diet
(HSAFA-diet) lowers postprandial
t-PA antigen concentration, and this
may favorably affect the
fibrinolytic system and the Lp(a)
concentration compared with the
HUFA-diet. The proportions of
dietary saturated fatty acids more
than the percentage of saturated fat
energy seem to have a beneficial
influence on Lp(a) levels. Endogenous Sex Hormones and Cardiovascular Disease in Men.pdf
The
purpose of this article is to
summarize the evidence currently
available on the association between
endogenous sex hormones and
cardiovascular disease in males.
Published studies dealing with the
relationship between circulating
levels of sex hormones and
cardiovascular disease in males were
reviewed. The studies reviewed in
this article suggest that
circulating endogenous sex hormones
and estrogens have a neutral or
beneficial effect on cardiovascular
disease in men. Serum Free Testosterone in Men with Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis.pdf
The
aim of this study was to determine
whether levels of serum free
testosterone differ between men with
and without coronary artery disease.
It concluded that a low level of
free testosterone may be related to
the development of coronary artery
disease. Can Growth Hormone Prevent Aging?.pdf
This
article cites the article by Rudman
et al. that
appeared in the Journal in
1990 that reported the effect on
body composition of
administering human growth hormone
for six
months to 12 older men. This article
incited a proliferation
of "antiaging" clinics
and lay publications, such as "Grow
Young with
HGH," extolling the benefits of
growth hormone in reversing
or preventing aging.
Observational data confirm some
important aspects
of diagnosis of the adult
GHD syndrome and of efficacy and
safety of
GH replacement. Specifically, GH
replacement therapy of GHD
patients in HypoCCS
induced significant long-term
efficacy in
terms of body composition and
lipid profiles.
The
conclusion of this study was that
this genetically homogeneous
isolated GHD population presents a
syndrome characterized by central
obesity, dyslipidemia, and elevated
SBP but reduced cardiac dimensions
compared with controls.
This
study showed that in multiple
regression analysis only
testosterone level was independently
associated with anti-oxLDL Ab. These
data suggest a that fall of
testosterone concentration in ageing
men can influence either oxidative
modification of LDL or the immune
response to these lipoproteins which
may be important in the pathogenesis
of atherosclerosis. Overweight, Obesity, and Cancer Risk.pdf
According to this article, in
addition to an increase in the risk
of cardiovascular disease and type
II diabetes, the evidence summarized
here shows that excess body weight
is directly associated with risk of
cancer at several organ sites,
including colon, breast (in
postmenopausal women), endometrium,
oesophagus, and kidney.
The Cardiovascular Risk of Adult GH
Deficiency (GHD) Improved After GH
Replacement and Worsened in
Untreated GHD: A 12-Month
Prospective Study.pdf
The
authors of this study concluded that
they found an independent inverse
association between levels of
testosterone and aortic
atherosclerosis in men. In women,
positive associations between levels
of testosterone and aortic
atherosclerosis were largely due to
adverse cardiovascular disease risk
factors.
Thirteen adult patients with severe
GH-deficiency (GHD) were evaluated
in this study. The objective was to
evaluate the microcirculation and
vascular reactivity in a GHD state
before and during GH replacement.
This
study concluded that individuals
without IHD but with low circulating
IGF-I levels and high IGFBP-3 levels
have significantly increased risk of
developing IHD during a 15-year
follow-up period. Our findings
suggest that IGF-I may be involved
in the pathogenesis of IHD. No abstract available. Kang, S.M., Jang, Y., Kim, J.Y., Chung, N., Cho, S.Y., Chae, J.S., et al. (2002). Effect of oral administration of testosterone on brachial arterial vasoreactivity in men with coronary artery disease [Electronic version]. The American Journal of Cardiology, 89(7), 862-864. Retrieved December 7, 2005. Growth Hormone Corrects Vascular Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure.pdf
The
conclusion of this study was that
three-month treatment with GH
corrected endothelial dysfunction
and improved
non-endothelium-dependent
vasodilation in patients with CHF.
The data highlight the potential
role of GH in the progression of
congestive heart failure. Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.pdf
This
study concluded that overall health
risks exceeded benefits from use of
combined estrogen plus progestin for
an average 5.2-year follow-up among
healthy postmenopausal US women.
All-cause mortality was not affected
during the trial. The risk-benefit
profile found in this trial is not
consistent with the requirements for
a viable intervention for primary
prevention of chronic diseases, and
the results indicate that this
regimen should not be initiated or
continued for primary prevention of
CHD.
This
study concluded that in HIV-infected
patients with abnormal fat
distribution, pharmacologic doses of
GH improved the overall lipid
profile, but worsened glucose
homeostasis under both fasting and
hyperinsulinemic conditions. The
combined implications of these
positive and negative metabolic
effects for cardiovascular disease
risk remain unknown. Exercise Type and Intensity in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease in Men.pdf
This
study concluded that total physical
activity, running, weight training,
and walking were each associated
with reduced CHD risk. Average
exercise intensity was associated
with reduced risk independent of the
number of MET-hours spent in
physical activity. Editorial: Growth Hormone and Cardiovascular Disease: An Area in Rapid Growth.pdf According to this editorial, there is good evidence that GH deficiency as well as
GH
excess results in an increased
cardiovascular risk. Because the
effect of excess GH is laden with
its own burden, continued critical
assessment of optimal dosing becomes
increasingly important with the
widening use of GH therapy. Longer,
prospective studies are, therefore,
needed to assess the long-term risk
for cardiovascular disease in
GH-treated patients.
This
article concludes that GH
replacement for 12 months
significantly improved lipid
profile, decreased fibrinogen
levels, and increased LVMi and LVEF
in young adults with co- or ao-GHD.
However, lipid profile, fibrinogen
levels, and systolic function
remained abnormal compared with
those in age- and sex-matched
controls, suggesting that a longer
period of GH replacement is
necessary to normalize
cardiovascular parameters and
reverse the cardiovascular risk of
these patients.
These
results of this study demonstrate
that DHEA administration leads to an
increased survival following a
septic challenge. The
immunoenhancing effect of DHEA is
accompanied by a reduction of
TNF-alpha release and an improved
activity of T-cellular immunity.
DHEA administration may, therefore,
be beneficial in systemic
inflammation. Personal Business; Trying to Roll Back the Biological Clock, for a Price.pdf
This
article, written soon after
September 11th,
says that Americans have been
re-evaluating their priorities since
the attacks, and for some people
that means paying closer attention
to their health. There has even been
a rise in interest in so-called
anti-aging clinics. It discusses
several clinics, including
Cenegenics. Diagnosis and Management of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults.pdf
According to this article, treatment
with growth hormone reverses
abnormalities in body composition
and may reduce cardiovascular risk
factors; however, the long-term
treatment outcomes regarding
mortality, the incidence of
cardiovascular disease, bone
fractures, tumor development, and
recurrence are not known. Longer
prospective clinical studies are
needed. The major manufacturers of
growth hormone have initiated
postmarketing surveillance databases
to monitor the safety of growth
hormone treatment.
The
interpretation of this study is that
patients with hypopituitarism have
excess mortality, predominantly from
vascular and respiratory disease.
Age at diagnosis, female sex, and
above all, craniopharyngioma were
significant independent risk
factors. Specific endocrine-axis
deficiency, with the exception of
untreated gonadotropin deficiency,
does not seem to have a role.
This
study concluded that in physically
frail elderly women, 9 months of HRT
significantly increased BMD compared
with placebo in clinically important
skeletal regions. Further studies
are needed to determine whether
these osteogenic effects of HRT in
elderly women are associated with a
reduction in osteoporotic fractures. Recombinant insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) was compared and contrasted with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on their effects on a variety of metabolic paths. The study concluded that rhIGF-I and recombinant human growth hormone share similar effects on protein, muscle, and calcium metabolism. However, rhIGF-I and recombinant human growth hormone have different effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism when the young adult had a growth hormone deficiency. These differences may lead to a better selection of treatment modalities taking into consideration the desired outcome for the patient. Mauras, N., O’Brien, K.O., Welch, S., Rini, A., Helgeson, K., Viera, N.E., et al. (2000). Insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone (GH) treatment in GH-deficient humans: differential effects on protein, glucose, lipid, and calcium metabolism [Electronic version]. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85(4), 1686-1694. Retrieved July 21, 2003.
This
study concludes that men with
coronary artery disease have
significantly lower levels of
androgens than normal controls,
challenging the preconception that
physiologically high levels of
androgens in men account for their
increased relative risk for coronary
artery disease.
This
study concluded that low-dose
supplemental testosterone treatment
in men with chronic stable angina
reduces exercise-induced myocardial
ischemia
This
study concludes that treatment with
rhGH of adult chronic hemodialysis
patients for 6 months increased the
left ventricular mass significantly,
but without any effect on ejection
fraction or maximal working
capacity. No electrocardiographic
signs of ischemia were associated
with the increasing muscle mass and
only one patient developed symptoms
that might relate to ischemia. No
changes in B-Hb, blood pressure or
pulse were observed during the
treatment period. Testosterone Therapy in Men: An Update.pdf
This
article discusses that because
testosterone levels decline with
age, and aging is accompanied by
body changes including loss of
muscle and increases in fat, there
is great interest in the potential
benefits of testosterone
administration in elderly men.
These
epidemiologic data suggest that a
high dietary glycemic load from
refined carbohydrates increases the
risk of CHD, independent of known
coronary disease risk factors.
This
study concludes that long-term
growth hormone replacement in men
reduces levels of inflammatory
cardiovascular risk markers,
decreases central fat, and increases
lipoprotein(a) and glucose levels
without affecting lipid levels.
The Effects of 10 Years of
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
(GH) in Adult GH-Deficient
Patients.pdf
This
study concludes that a diet
characterized by low-GI starchy
foods lowers the glucose and insulin
responses throughout the day and
improves the lipid profile and
capacity for fibrinolysis,
suggesting a therapeutic potential
in diabetes. Growth Hormone and the Metabolic Syndrome.pdf
According to this study, the finding
that GH replacement in men with
abdominal obesity can diminish the
negative metabolic consequences of
visceral obesity suggests that low
levels of this hormone are of
importance for the metabolic
aberrations associated with
visceral/abdominal obesity.
The
results of this study do not support
the role of sex steroid hormones in
CAD. However, the relationship
between sex steroids and serum
lipids needs further clarification.
An
intervention study was performed to
evaluate the influence of a
Mediterranean diet, a high fat diet,
and their supplementation with red
wine in moderate amounts, on
biochemical, physiological, and
clinical parameters related to
atherosclerosis and other chronic
diseases. The results presented
support the following conclusions: a
high fat diet induces oxidative
stress; a diet rich in fruits and
vegetables enhances antioxidant
defenses; wine supplementation to a
high fat or a Mediterranean diet
increases plasma antioxidant
capacity, decreases oxidative DNA
damage, and normalizes endothelial
function. The Behavior of Atherogenic Indices Under the Effect of Growth Hormone in Postoperative Disease.pdf
Results of this study show that,
while in the control group the
atherogenic values increased to
pathologic levels, in the treatment
group, these values stabilized in
the physiological limits.
This
study concludes that the ultimate
effect of GH therapy upon
cardiovascular mortality remains to
be determined and may be
dose-related.
This
study concludes that GH replacement
therapy in GH-deficient men reverses
early morphological and functional
atherosclerotic changes in major
arteries, and may reduce rates of
vascular morbidity and mortality.
The
present results from this study
indicate a reduction in
pro-thrombotic potential in patients
receiving highly concentrated n-3
FA, whereas some proinflammatory
responses might be adverse. Growth Hormone Therapy in Adults and Children.pdf
According to this study, the goals
of growth hormone therapy in adults
is to restore normal body
composition, improve muscle and
cardiac function, normalize serum
lipid concentrations, and improve
the quality of life. Lipoprotein (a) in Android Obesity and NIDDM: A New Member in 'the Metabolic Syndrome'.pdf
According to this article,
lipoprotein (Lp) (a) recently proved
to be a new member in 'the metabolic
syndrome.' Lp (a) has the
distinctive feature of containing
apolipoprotein (a), which is a
glycoprotein linked to apo B100, and
has a similarity to plasminogen; it
is also structurally related to LDL.
The
purpose of this study was to
determine whether the circulating
insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)
and the insulin-like growth factor
binding protein (IGFBP) system are
related to cardiovascular
disorders. The findings suggest
that in fact the IGF-I/IGFBP system
is related to cardiovascular risk
factors and atherosclerosis
(hardening of the arteries).
This
study concluded that the consumption
of strawberries, spinach or red
wine, which are rich in antioxidant
phenolic compounds, can increase the
serum antioxidant capacity in
humans. Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adulthood and the Effects of Growth Hormone Replacement: A Review.pdf
The
importance of GH throughout adult
life is now unequivocally accepted.
GH deficiency is
recognized to result in alterations
in body composition,
physical performance,
psychological well-being, and
substrate
metabolism. Many of these
alterations can be improved or
corrected
with GH replacement. The prospect
of GH replacement becoming routine,
however, does raise a number of
issues. Choice of Cooking Oils--Myths and Realities.pdf
This
article discusses how the newer
"heart-friendly" oils like sunflower
or safflower oils possess
undesirable PUFA content and there
are numerous research data now
available to indicate that the sole
use or excess intake of these newer
vegetable oils are actually
detrimental to health and switching
to a combination of different types
of fats including the traditional
cooking fats like ghee, coconut oil
and mustard oil would actually
reduce the risk of dyslipidaemias,
AHD and Type-2 DM.
Effect of Testosterone Replacement
on Whole Body Glucose Utilisation
and Other Cardiovascular Risk
Factors in Males with Idiopathic
Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism.pdf Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy. Is it Useful for Coronary Prevention?.pdf
This
article states that because about
one of two U.S. women die from
cardiovascular disease (heart
disease and stroke), emphasis is
warranted on available data, which
suggest that the group of women
likely to experience the greatest
cardioprotection from hormone
therapy are those with defined
coronary disease or those at high
risk for occurrence; the group of
women least likely to benefit are
those at increased risk for breast
cancer
DHEA: A Biologist's Perspective.pdf
According to the author, it has been
proposed that replacement therapy
with DHEA to restore youthful levels
of DHEAS in older individuals might
have beneficial effects on a variety
of age-related conditions, such as
cardiovascular and neoplastic
diseases, diabetes, immune
dysfunction, muscular weakness, and
depression.
This
trial has demonstrated that GH can
favorably affect some of the
multiple perturbations associated
with abdominal/visceral obesity.
This includes a reduction in
abdominal/visceral obesity, an
improved insulin sensitivity, and
favorable effects on lipoprotein
metabolism and diastolic blood
pressure.
This
longitudinal study confirms a
gradual decline in total
testosterone levels with advancing
age in older men and provides
evidence that lifestyle and
psychosocial factors are related to
this decline. Decreases in
endogenous testosterone levels with
age in men are associated with
potentially unfavorable changes in
triglycerides and high density
lipoprotein cholesterol. Recombinant Growth Hormone: A New Cardiovascular Drug Therapy.pdf
According to this article, GH has an
important role in normal
cardiovascular physiologic
functioning, working indirectly
through effects on IGF-1. An excess
or deficiency of GH causes an
increased rate of cardiovascular
disease, including cardiomyopathy. Atrial Fibrillation, Anticoagulation, and Stroke.pdf
This
article assesses the results of 6
major clinical trials (AFASAK,
BAATAF, SPINAF, SPAF [parts I and
II], CAFA and EAFTA--see text for
trial names). Meta-analysis revealed
a 64% reduction of risk for stroke
in patients treated with warfarin,
as compared with placebo. The value
of warfarin therapy in patients > 75
years old is less clear because of a
high risk of hemorrhagic
complications.
This
study concludes that oral
estrogen-androgen increased
vertebral bone mineral density
compared with pre-treatment values
and relieved somatic symptoms.
Safety indices, including
lipoprotein levels, indicated that
the combination was well tolerated
over the 2 years of treatment.
Adult
patients with human growth hormone
(hGH) deficiency are thought to be
at a higher risk of cardiovascular
disease. This study concludes that
human growth hormone (hGH)
supplementation and modulation of
adult human growth hormone (hGH)
deficient patients is associated
with beneficial changes in lipid and
lipoprotein profiles.
Advances in Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Adults.pdf
According to this article, it is now
apparent that acquired GH deficiency
is associated with significant
changes in body composition, bone
density, lipid metabolism,
cardiovascular function and physical
performance. In addition, new
information is now available on the
use of low doses of recombinant
human growth hormone (rhGH) to
reverse the negative effects of GH
deficiency in adults.
This
study investigated the potential
pituitary origin of gonadal
insufficiency in hemochromatosis.
Gonadotropin secretion was studied
in seven patients with
hemochromatosis and hypogonadism,
before and after chronic pulsatile
GnRH therapy. It was concluded that
hypogonadism in hemochromatosis is
due to pituitary lesions.
In
this study, sixty-two elderly men
with coronary heart disease (CHD),
54 of them also suffering from
hyperlipidemia, were treated with a
new oral androgenic preparation
(Andriol) through a crossover study.
In
this study, lipoprotein lipase
activity (LPLA) increased only
during combined testosterone and
testolactone treatment (+31%, P <
.01), suggesting that estrogen
production may counteract the
effects of testosterone on LPLA.
Testolactone alone had little effect
on any lipid, lipoprotein,
apoprotein, or lipase concentration.
This
study concluded that therapy with
growth hormone for 6 months in a
dose varying between 6 and 25
micrograms/kg/day increased lean
body mass and decreased fat mass.
The sense of general well-being
improved in most patients.
Furthermore, growth hormone
treatment increased bone turnover
without a measurable increase in
bone density, caused some minor
changes in lipid and carbohydrate
metabolism, and increased the
metabolism of thyroxine to T3.
This
study examined endocrine functions
at baseline and after TRH and LHRH
stimulation in a group of 7 young
male patients with genetic
hemochromatosis (HE) without liver
damage (i.e. fibrosis and
cirrhosis). In five patients
endocrine re-evaluations after
complete iron depletion was also
performed.
This
study examined the effect of iron
depletion on reproductive function
in a 37-yr-old man with
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to
idiopathic hemochromatosis. It was
concluded that phlebotomy alone may
be adequate treatment for
hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in men
with hemochromatosis.
|
20
years of age and is based
on a systematic search of the
highest-quality science, interpreted
by experts in the fields of
cardiology, epidemiology, family
medicine, gynecology, internal
medicine, neurology, nursing,
public health, statistics, and
surgery. These guidelines cover
the primary and secondary
prevention of chronic
atherosclerotic vascular
diseases. More acute management of
vascular disease in the
periprocedural or immediate
posthospital settings and
of valvular heart disease is covered
in other AHA guidelines.
Management of heart failure, atrial
fibrillation for stroke
prevention, and CVD risk factors
during pregnancy is beyond
the scope of the present
document.