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ExerciseConsistent exercise rebuilds muscles, increases metabolic rates, lowers heart disease risk, improves posture and enhances quality of life. Even hormonal optimization has been shown to facilitate a patient’s ability to exercise more effectively. Review current research and medical articles on exercise for insights on how it can improve a patient’s overall health.
This study concluded that
despite blocked acute
responses of testosterone
and 10- to 20-fold lower
resting levels in the
goserelin group, ST resulted
in a similar mRNA expression
of myoD, myogenin,
IGF-IE(abc), myostatin and
androgen receptor as
observed in the placebo
group. Therefore, in the
present study, the molecular
events were the same,
despite divergent muscle
hypertrophy and strength
gains. Evidence-Based Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women: 2007 Update.pdf
This 2007 update provides
the most current clinical
recommendations for the
prevention of CVD in women
20 years of age and is based
on a systematic search of
the highest-quality science,
interpreted by experts in
the fields of cardiology,
epidemiology, family
medicine, gynecology,
internal medicine,
neurology, nursing, public
health, statistics, and
surgery. These guidelines
cover the primary and
secondary prevention of
chronic atherosclerotic
vascular diseases. More
acute management of vascular
disease in the
periprocedural or immediate
posthospital settings and of
valvular heart disease is
covered in other AHA
guidelines. Management of
heart failure, atrial
fibrillation for stroke
prevention, and CVD risk
factors during pregnancy is
beyond the scope of the
present document.
This study concluded that
independent of changes in
energy balance (intake
and/or output), physical
inactivity decreased the
oxidation of saturated but
not monounsaturated dietary
fat. The effect is
apparently not compensated
by resistance exercise
training. These results
suggest that Mediterranean
diets should be recommended
in sedentary subjects and
recumbent patients.
The aim of the study was to
characterize lipid oxidation
at exercise in adults with
growth hormone deficiency (GHD)
and to evaluate the effect
of 6 and 12 months of GH
replacement therapy on
substrate carbohydrate (CHO)
and lipid utilization at
exercise. The findings are
consistent with the
hypothesis that a lack of GH
reduces the ability to
oxidize lipids during
exercise and that GH
treatment restores this
muscular metabolic property. Aged Men Experience Disturbances in Recovery Following Submaximal Exercise.pdf
According to this study,
physiological responses to
exercise of moderate
intensity and duration among
aged compared to young
adults have yet to be
clearly defined. Further,
the effects of aging on the
rate and effectiveness of
postexercise recovery are
unknown. The data suggest
that aged men encounter
problems in recovering from
submaximal exercise. Calculation of Energy Expenditure in Women Using the MET System.pdf
This study concluded that in
individuals with a TBF
content typical for
contemporary Western women,
standard TEE is lower than
proposed TEE. This bias
increases as the TBF content
of subjects increases. The
results indicate that
proposed TEE is more
accurate than standard TEE,
but this requires
confirmation. Daily Activity Energy Expenditure and Mortality Among Older Adults.pdf
In this study, objectively
measured free-living
activity energy expenditure
was strongly associated with
lower risk of mortality in
healthy older adults. Simply
expending energy through any
activity may influence
survival in older adults. Influences of Calorie Restriction and Age on Energy Expenditure in the Rhesus Monkey.pdf
To assess longitudinal
effects of CR on EE in
rhesus monkeys (Macaca
mulatta), data from 41 males
(M) and 26 females (F)
subjected to 9 or 15 yr of
CR were studied. EE and body
composition of monkeys 11-28
yr of age were measured
using indirect calorimetry
and dual X-ray
absorptiometry. Total EE
(24-h EE) was divided into
daytime (day EE), nighttime
(night EE), and daytime
minus nighttime (D - N EE). Endogenous Hormones, Muscle Strength, and Risk of Fall-Related Fractures in Older Women.pdf
This study showed that in
75-year-old women higher
serum estradiol
concentration and greater
muscle strength were
independently associated
with a low incidence of
fall-related limb fractures
even after adjustment for
bone density. Our results
suggest that hormonal status
and muscle strength have
their own separate
mechanisms protecting from
fall-related fractures. This
finding is of importance in
developing preventive
strategies, but calls for
further study. Validation of Estimates of Total Body Water in Pediatric Dialysis Patients by Deuterium Dilution.pdf
According to this study,
current K-DOQI
recommendations call for an
assessment of dialysis
adequacy that depends
critically on an estimate of
total body water (TBW). Such
estimates are problematic in
children since the range of
patient size is large, and
often formulas derived in
normals are not validated in
end-stage renal disease.
Techniques for estimating
TBW in pediatric dialysis
patients must be validated
by independent data sets
before being incorporated
into clinical and research
practice. Sustained Increase in Dietary Oleic Acid Oxidation Following Morning Exercise.pdf
This study concluded that
the increase in oleate
oxidation when administered
after early morning exercise
was found to persist for all
three meals of the day, with
the greatest effect
occurring for the lunch
meal. Palmitate oxidation,
while apparently resistant
to the effects of 1250 kJ of
prior exercise, increases
when administered later in
the day, suggesting a
diurnal variation in the
oxidation of dietary fatty
acids. These results
demonstrate that prior
exercise selectively alters
the partitioning of dietary
fatty acids. Furthermore,
these findings demonstrate
additional benefits of
substituting monounsaturated
for saturated fatty acids in
the diet.
In this randomized
controlled trial, it was
concluded that for patients
with stable Ischemic Heart
Disease (IHD), exercise and
stress management training
reduced emotional distress
and improved markers of
cardiovascular risk more
than usual medical care
alone. Experts Consider HT for Younger Women.pdf
Questions still persist
after the release of the
July 2002 Women’s Health
Initiative findings
regarding hormone therapy.
Researchers have been
looking at the data to see
if certain changes in dosage
or initiation age could
still provide benefits to
women.
This study was undertaken
to determine the
physiological range of these
GH-dependent variables in
elite athletes after a
competitive event to
determine whether such
values differ from resting
values in normal and
athletic subjects and to
establish whether any
adjustments to this range
are required on the basis of
age, gender, demographic
characteristics, or the
nature of the exercise
performed.
This study concluded that
a 3-month regimen of GHRH
supplementation in
postmenopausal women can
stimulate GH and IGF-I
production, reduce abdominal
visceral fat and improve
selected measures of
physical performance, while
inducing significant local
skin reactivity.
The present study
demonstrates the validity of
deuterium-labeled fatty
acids to measure the
oxidation of dietary fatty
acids during exercise,
expanding on the previously
validated rest condition.
The Severity of Growth
Hormone Deficiency
Correlates with the Severity
of Cardiac Impairment in 100
Adult Patients with
Hypopituitarism: An
Observational, Case-Control
Study.pdf Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 as a Vascular Protective Factor.pdf
According to this study,
until recently, IGF-1 was
considered a mediator of
vascular disease. Increasing
evidence indicates, instead,
that IGF-1 protects against
endothelial dysfunction,
atherosclerotic plaque
development, the metabolic
syndrome, clinical
instability, and ischemic
myocardial damage.
Efficacy and Tolerability of
an Individualized Dosing
Regimen for Adult Growth
Hormone Replacement Therapy
in Comparison with Fixed
Body Weight-Based Dosing.pdf
This article concludes
that administration of a
low-dose testosterone to men
with COPD for 26 weeks was
associated with improvement
of body composition, better
erectile function and sexual
quality of life.
Furthermore, there were no
clinical or biochemical side
effects. Growth Hormone Therapy in Adults.pdf
According to this review,
Growth hormone (GH) is
classically linked with
linear growth in childhood
but continues to have
important metabolic actions
throughout life. GH
deficiency in adulthood
causes a distinct syndrome
with significant
morbidities. These include
increased total and visceral
fat, decreased muscle mass
and aerobic capacity,
affective disturbances,
abnormal lipids, and
increased vascular
mortality, all of which are
ameliorated with GH
replacement. Relationship of Walking to Mortality Among US Adults with Diabetes.pdf
This study concluded that
walking was associated with
lower mortality across a
diverse spectrum of adults
with diabetes. One death per
year may be preventable for
every 61 people who could be
persuaded to walk at least 2
h/wk. Can Growth Hormone Prevent Aging?.pdf
This article cites the
article by Rudman et al.
that appeared
in the Journal in
1990 that reported the
effect on
body composition of
administering human growth
hormone for six
months to 12
older men. This article
incited a proliferation
of "antiaging"
clinics and lay
publications, such as "Grow
Young
with HGH," extolling the
benefits of growth hormone
in reversing
or preventing
aging.
This study concluded that
in elderly patients
undergoing total hip
replacement, preoperative GH
treatment results in
improvements in lean body
mass and skeletal muscle
mass that are sufficient to
offset postoperative
losses. The treatment may
also preserve or improve
muscle strength and
postoperative walking
ability.
This study concludes that
recombinant human growth
hormone (rhGH) has a
beneficial effect on
metabolism in patients who
are severely burned.
Hyperglycemia, however, is
apt to occur and water,
Na(+), Cl(-) retention are
suggested. Fifty patients
were studied.
This study concluded that
12 months of GH replacement
normalized IGF-I and
improved lipid profile and
cardiac performance in adult
GHD patients. A similar
period of GH deprivation
induced a further impairment
of lipid profile and cardiac
performance. This finding
strongly supports the need
of GH replacement in adult
GHD patients.
Hormone Replacement Therapy, Insulin Sensitivity, and Abdominal Obesity in Postmenopausal Women.pdf
The authors concluded that
postmenopausal women taking
oral estrogen or those
taking a combination of
estrogen and HRT are more
insulin-resistant than women
not on HRT, even when women
are of comparable total and
abdominal adiposity. Exercise Type and Intensity in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease in Men.pdf
This study concluded that
total physical activity,
running, weight training,
and walking were each
associated with reduced CHD
risk. Average exercise
intensity was associated
with reduced risk
independent of the number of
MET-hours spent in physical
activity.
The results of this study
suggest that preoperative
administration of rhGH may
have a role in preventing
the diaphragmatic
dysfunction associated with
infrarenal aortic
cross-clamping and
revascularization.
Effects of 7 Years of Growth
Hormone Replacement Therapy
in Hypopituitary Adults.pdf
This pilot study
indicates that rhGH
administered preoperatively
has beneficial effects on
skeletal muscle and
respiratory function and may
be more useful than
postoperative rhGH
administration alone. Effect of Oral DHEA on Serum Testosterone and Adaptations to Resistance Training in Young Men.pdf
This study examined the
effects of acute
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
ingestion on serum steroid
hormones and the effect of
chronic DHEA intake on the
adaptations to resistance
training. These results
suggest that DHEA ingestion
does not enhance serum
testosterone concentrations
or adaptations associated
with resistance training in
young men.
This study concludes that
high-mono high-GI and
high-CHO, low-GI diets are
superior to high-CHO,
high-GI diets with respect
to HDL metabolism but no
effect was noted on glucose
metabolism in variably
controlled NIDDM subjects.
The effects of a
combination of mild exercise
and GH injections on bone
were studied in old female
rats. This study showed that
GH injections and mild
excercise in combination
modulate and increase
further the formation and
strength of cortical bone in
old female rats. Growth Hormone Therapy for Protein Catabolism.pdf
GH and IGF-1 have shown
remarkable consistency of
effect in a wide range of
catabolic conditions,
including improved net
protein synthesis and
preserving lean body mass.
Computed tomography was
used to examine the short
and long-term effects of
recombinant human growth
hormone (rhGH) on body
composition and regional
tissue distributions in this
two-part study. Its
findings look at Adipose
tissue, muscle and visceral
organs. Long-Term Growth Hormone Treatment in Growth Hormone Deficient Adults.pdf Overall healthy aging adults with a human growth hormone (hGH) deficiency were treated over a lengthy period of time with human growth hormone (hGH) replacement therapy. The data suggested that long-term human growth hormone (hGH) supplementation and modulation in growth hormone deficient adults had positive physiological effects on features that are often below normal in these patients. The positive changes included an increase in mean muscle volume, strength, and exercise capacity, and decreased body fat. Jorgensen, J.O., Pedersen, S.A., Thuesen, L., Jorgensen, J., Moller, J., Muller, J., et al. (1991). Long-term growth hormone treatment in growth hormone deficient adults [Electronic version]. Acta Endocrinol (Copenhagen), 125(5), 449-453. Retrieved July 22, 2003.
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